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Dual-Task Walking Across Task Combinations in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Molly C Gries¹, Valerie E Kelly¹, Ellen L McGough²

¹Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (2001)

|November 22, 2025

Summary

Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and normal cognition (NC) both slowed their gait during dual-task walking. The aMCI group showed greater cognitive declines, highlighting the need for dual-task assessments in physical therapy.

Keywords:

cognitive performance dual-task walking gait performance mild cognitive impairment

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Area of Science:

Gerontology and Cognitive Neuroscience
Gait analysis and Cognitive function assessment

Background:

Dual-task walking, combining gait and cognitive tasks, is crucial for functional mobility in older adults.
Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may exhibit impaired dual-task walking performance.
Previous research has not consistently quantified cognitive performance during dual-task walking across varied task combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare cognitive and gait performance during single-task versus dual-task conditions in older adults with aMCI and normal cognition (NC).
To investigate dual-task effects on gait speed and cognitive accuracy across different task combinations.

Main Methods:

An observational, cross-sectional study involving 40 community-dwelling older adults (18 aMCI, 22 NC), aged 70-95 years.
Gait (self-paced, fast-paced) and cognitive (serial 3, serial 7 subtraction) performance were measured under single-task and dual-task conditions.
Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze differences between groups (aMCI vs. NC) and conditions (single vs. dual-task).

Main Results:

Both NC and aMCI groups exhibited slower gait speeds during dual-task conditions compared to single-task conditions across all task combinations.
Older adults with aMCI demonstrated poorer cognitive task performance (lower correct response rate) than the NC group in both single-task and dual-task conditions.
The aMCI group showed cognitive decrements even under lower cognitive load dual-task conditions.

Conclusions:

Dual-task assessments are vital in physical therapy for older adults due to their association with fall risk.
Gait and cognitive performance declines during dual-tasking are consistent across different task combinations in older adults.
Quantifying both cognitive and gait performance during dual-task assessments is essential for effective intervention planning in older adults, particularly those with aMCI.