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DhTmp1, a Zn(II)2Cys6 Transcription Factor, Negatively Regulates Pathogenicity in Dactylellina haptotyla by
Hong-Mei Lei1,2, Guang-Ke Zhang1, Shi-Mei Shen1
1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
Abstract:
Fungal pathogenesis and development are regulated by transcription factors. Here, we characterized DhTmp1 in the nematode-trapping fungus Dactylellina haptotyla as a negative regulator of predation. Its deletion impaired fungal growth and stress tolerance yet enhanced pathogenicity, while overexpression yielded opposite phenotypes. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that DhTmp1 deletion upregulated secondary metabolism biosynthetic genes, increasing the abundance of nematocidal metabolites 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (4-HBA) and 6-chloro-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (6-Cl-ICA), which exhibited potent activity against Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans, respectively. The 48 h LC50 values for 4-HBA and 6-Cl-ICA against M. incognita and C. elegans values were 29.65 and 92.71 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, pot experiments demonstrated that ΔDhTmp1 achieved 74.33% control efficiency against M. incognita compared with the PDB-treated control, outperforming the wild-type strain by ∼20.6%. Our findings reveal that DhTmp1 negatively regulates fungal predation by modulating secondary metabolite synthesis, suggesting that its manipulation could optimize this fungus for the biocontrol of M. incognita.
Insights
DhTmp1 in Dactylellina haptotyla negatively regulates fungal predation by controlling secondary metabolite production. Deleting DhTmp1 enhances biocontrol efficacy against the nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Plant Pathology
- Biocontrol
Background:
- Transcription factors regulate fungal pathogenesis and development.
- Nematode-trapping fungi are crucial for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the role of DhTmp1 in Dactylellina haptotyla.
- To investigate DhTmp1's influence on fungal predation and secondary metabolism.
- To assess the biocontrol potential of DhTmp1 deletion mutants.
Main Methods:
- Gene deletion and overexpression of DhTmp1 in Dactylellina haptotyla.
- Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.
- Nematicidal activity assays and pot experiments for biocontrol efficacy.
Main Results:
- DhTmp1 deletion impaired fungal growth but enhanced pathogenicity and stress tolerance.
- Deletion upregulated secondary metabolism, increasing nematocidal compounds 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (4-HBA) and 6-chloro-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (6-Cl-ICA).
- The ΔDhTmp1 strain showed significantly higher control efficiency against Meloidogyne incognita in pot experiments.
Conclusions:
- DhTmp1 acts as a negative regulator of fungal predation by modulating secondary metabolite synthesis.
- Manipulation of DhTmp1 offers a promising strategy for optimizing Dactylellina haptotyla for biocontrol applications.
- The identified nematocidal metabolites hold potential for agricultural pest management.
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