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Postural control in humans: a study using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.

Natalia Shamantseva1, Ivan Sakun1, Tatiana Klishkovskaia2

  • 1Laboratory of movement physiology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Experimental Physiology
|November 22, 2025
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Summary

Electrical stimulation of the T11-T12 spinal level enhanced postural stability in field-dependent individuals by reducing sway. Spinal networks at T11-T12 are key for human postural regulation.

Keywords:
body kinematicscognitive styleelectrical stimulationexternal breathingmuscle coactivationpostural controlspinal cord

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Postural balance relies on complex spinal and supraspinal mechanisms.
  • Individual differences exist in sensory reliance for balance control (field dependence/independence).
  • The precise spinal levels involved in postural regulation require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spinal interneuronal networks regulating human postural balance.
  • To examine the effects of non-invasive spinal stimulation on postural control.
  • To differentiate roles of spinal levels (T11-T12 vs. L1-L2) in balance.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a normal stance with and without electrical stimulation at T11-T12 or L1-L2 vertebral levels.
  • Measurements included postural sway, muscle activity, joint kinematics, and respiratory movements.
  • Participants were categorized as field-dependent or field-independent based on sensory reliance.

Main Results:

  • Field-dependent individuals exhibited greater mediolateral sway and pelvic motion.
  • T11-T12 stimulation reduced sway and improved stability in field-dependent individuals.
  • L1-L2 stimulation altered muscle activity and kinematics but not overall stability.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal interneuronal networks at the T11-T12 level are crucial for human postural regulation, influenced by supraspinal control.
  • These T11-T12 networks are particularly important for enhancing stability in individuals reliant on external sensory cues.
  • The role of L1-L2 spinal networks in upright posture regulation remains less clear.