Life cycle assessment of an isolated hybrid micro-grid with hydrogen production and storage

The world's rapid advancements have increased energy demand, necessitating both traditional and alternative sources. Non-renewable energy sources contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, prompting urgency to address climate change. The study explores the implementation of a hybrid energy microgrid system for a mountain shelter "refuge" in southern France, aiming to reduce environmental impact. The system uses photovoltaics, electrolysers, and batteries, focuses on hydrogen production and storage, as well as renewable electric power generation. The study compares the environmental impacts of the hybrid system and conventional energy systems, focusing on the impact of photovoltaic module production both globally and locally in France. The study highlights the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing environmental impact. A study using SimaPro and the ecoinvent database found that PV arrays account for 97% of environmental impacts, while other components contribute to 3%. Locally manufactured microgrids in France reduced environmental impact by 39% compared to standard systems. The PV system and electrolyser in a mountain shelter showed favourable environmental and economic outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of local manufacturing locations and electricity mix for PV module manufacturers.