Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phases Applied for Liquid Chromatographic Enantiomer...

By the early 2000s, chromatographic methods applying chiral stationary phases (CSPs) became the most effective techniques for the resolution of chiral compounds on both analytical and preparative scales. Nowadays, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employing various types of chiral selectors covalently bonded to silica-based supports, leading to the respective CSPs and the packed chromatographic columns thereof, offers a state-of-the-art methodology for enantioselective "chiral analysis." Although a large number of CSPs are commercially available, the design and development of new "chiral columns" are still mandatory since it is obvious that in practice one needs an even more well-balanced portfolio of different "chiral columns" to face the challenging tasks of enantiomeric resolutions. The development of the unique chiral anion, cation, and zwitterion exchangers achieved by Lindner and his partners serves as an expansion of the range of efficiently applicable CSPs.In this chapter, we present an updated and, in parts, text-wise renewed overview of our earlier chapter of this book series (Ilisz et al. (2019) Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases applied for liquid chromatographic enantiomer separations: an overview. In: Scriba GKE (ed) Chiral seperations. Methods and protocols. Humana Press, pp 251-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0 ) in discussing and summarizing direct enantiomer separations achieved by zwitterionic ion exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids, focusing on the literature published between 2018 and 2023. This article aims to provide comprehensive information on practical solutions for challenging enantiomer separations while discussing more generally the molecular recognition and methodological variables of these particular types of CSPs.