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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

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Cardiovascular Activity Predominantly Modulates Brain Dynamics in Non-REM Sleep Transitions

Vincenzo Catrambone1, Ugo Faraguna2,3, Gaetano Valenza1

  • 1Neurocardiovascular Intelligence Laboratory & Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|November 22, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
brain–heart interplayelectroencephalographyheart rate variabilitysleepsleep stages

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