Catalysis for micro/nanorobots

Catalytic reactions play a vital role in the chemical industry and daily life. They can increase the rate of chemical reactions, enhance the selectivity of responses, and reduce the energy consumption of chemical reactions. They can be used in the chemical industry, environmental protection, energy production, biochemistry, and other fields. Catalysis, an important basic chemical reaction, also plays a significant role in micro/nanorobots. Catalysis can not only convert chemical energy or other energy such as light energy into mechanical energy of micro/nanorobots, giving micro/nanorobots excellent motion performance but also enables micro/nanorobots to show excellent application potential in the field of environmental governance and detection, especially in the degradation of organic pollutants. Based on this, this paper takes the catalytic mechanism as the main line, combines the two levels of drive and application, and summarizes a series of catalytic micro/nanorobots design strategies in detail. Based on the different catalytic mechanisms, catalytic micro/nanorobots are systematically classified and introduced. Finally, the current challenges and future development trends of catalytic micro/nanorobots are carefully discussed. Hopefully, this review can further deepen the integration of catalysis and micro/nanorobots, promoting more advanced catalytic micro/nanorobots fabrication.