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  3. Clinical Outcomes Of Baloxavir Marboxil Versus Oseltamivir In Outpatients Aged 1 To Under 5 Years In China: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.
  1. Home
  3. Clinical Outcomes Of Baloxavir Marboxil Versus Oseltamivir In Outpatients Aged 1 To Under 5 Years In China: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study.

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Clinical outcomes of Baloxavir marboxil versus oseltamivir in outpatients aged 1 to under 5 years in China: a

Chengyu Li1, Yanwu Zhang2, Ming Yang2

  • 1Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|November 22, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

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This summary is machine-generated.
Keywords:
Baloxavir marboxilInfluenzaOutpatientsReal-world study

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Baloxavir marboxil (BXM), a single-dose antiviral, showed comparable effectiveness to oseltamivir (OSV) in treating influenza in young Chinese children. Both treatments had similar hospitalization rates, with BXM demonstrating slightly fewer return visits, though not statistically significant.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Antiviral Therapeutics
  • Real-World Evidence

Background:

  • Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) is a novel single-dose antiviral for influenza.
  • Data on BXM's effectiveness and safety in children under 5 in China is limited.
  • This study addresses the need for real-world data in this pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) compared to Oseltamivir (OSV) in children under 5 years old in China.
  • To assess influenza-related outcomes including return visits, persistent symptoms, and hospitalization rates.
  • To provide evidence for BXM use in a vulnerable pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of outpatient data from 13 healthcare facilities in China (Oct 2023-Apr 2024).
  • Included 1473 lab-confirmed influenza patients aged 1-5 years, treated with either BXM or OSV.
  • Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance patient groups for comparative analysis of outcomes at 3, 7, and 14 days post-initial visit.

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 359 patients received BXM and 1114 received OSV.
    • Hospitalization rates within 14 days were similar: 0.8% for BXM vs. 1.0% for OSV.
    • While the BXM group showed slightly fewer return visits and persistent symptoms post-PSM, these differences were not statistically significant.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-dose Baloxavir marboxil (BXM) demonstrates comparable effectiveness to Oseltamivir (OSV) for pediatric influenza treatment in China.
    • BXM is a viable alternative to OSV, with similar influenza-related hospitalization and return visit rates.
    • Real-world data supports the use of BXM in children under 5 in China.