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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
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Current concepts: Common variable immunodeficiency.

Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles1

  • 1David S. Gottesman Professor of Immunology Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|November 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a frequent primary immune disorder affecting adults, characterized by low antibody levels and poor responses. Early diagnosis is crucial due to its varied symptoms and common diagnostic delays.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency.
  • It presents with reduced immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM) and impaired antibody responses.
  • Despite being a primary immune defect, diagnosis often occurs between ages 20-40 with significant delays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of CVID.
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, and treatment.
  • To highlight emerging genetic insights and the need for increased physician awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early history and diagnostic criteria for CVID.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and inflammatory complications.
  • Examination of current genetic understandings and treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • CVID is an umbrella term encompassing numerous immune defects, many yet undiscovered.
  • Diagnostic delays are common due to heterogeneous clinical presentations.
  • Awareness is critical for various medical specialists due to CVID's prevalence and complications.

Conclusions:

  • CVID requires broader recognition among healthcare providers.
  • Further genetic research is essential to refine diagnosis and treatment.
  • Timely diagnosis and management are key to improving patient outcomes.