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Is early graded motor imagery training effective after upper extremity peripheral nerve injury? A randomized
Güldane Nalbantoğlu1, Zeynep Hoşbay2, Gülsena Utku Umut2
1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Graduate Education Institute, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background:
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) result in pain and functional impairments, significantly affecting quality of life. Early rehabilitation is essential, and graded motor imagery (GMI) has demonstrated potential in improving recovery outcomes.
Purpose:
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of GMI training in addition to the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (PTR) program in PNI.
Study Design:
Randomized controlled trial.
Methods:
Pain levels were assessed by Visual Analog Scale, range of motion by goniometer, hand grip strength by Jamar Dynamometer, and pinch grip strength by pinch meter. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire were used. Kinesiophobia was evaluated with the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale.
Results:
A total of 20 participants (4 F, 16 M) were followed up for 6 weeks. Group-I (n = 10) received GMI training in addition to the PTR program and Group-II (n = 10) received only the PTR program. Both groups were similar in all parameters before treatment (p > 0.05). After treatment, GMI training was more effective on functionality (p = 0.029), appearance perception (p = 0.003), and kinesiophobia level (p = 0.050).
Conclusions:
GMI training can be added to PTR programs in PNI.
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