Osteoporosis management and fall-related complications in older adults: a retrospective study from the UMMC falls...

Osteoporosis, defined by a bone mineral density (BMD) of less than - 2.5 SD, significantly increases fracture risk, especially among older adults. Falls in individuals with osteoporosis often result in severe complications, including fractures, reduced mobility, and diminished quality of life. This study explores fall-related complications and evaluates osteoporosis management at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) Falls Clinic.

A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 563 patients was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022. Demographic data, fall characteristics, comorbidities, and treatment patterns were analyzed. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and t-tests.

Of the 563 patients, 25.9% were diagnosed with osteoporosis, with 74.7% being female. Indoor falls were more common in the osteoporotic group (66%) compared to the non-osteoporotic group (46.6%). Fractures occurred in 63.4% of osteoporotic patients compared to 12% in the non-osteoporotic group. Calcium and vitamin D were commonly prescribed, but bisphosphonate usage remained low.

Osteoporotic patients at a falls clinic are predominantly female and experience markedly higher fracture rates. Enhancing evidence-based pharmacotherapy uptake, systematic physiotherapy referral, and provider/patient education are needed. This study is limited by its retrospective design and single-center setting, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the patient population attending the Falls Clinic may represent a more motivated group, which could introduce selection bias.