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Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

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Published on: May 9, 2018

Current laser sources and technologies for endourological applications.

Frédéric Panthier¹, Steeve Doizi¹, Laurent Berthe²

¹Endolase Lab, GRC 20-Sorbonne University - PIMM Lab Arts et Métiers Paris Tech, 75020 Paris, France; Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France; PIMM, UMR 8006 CNRS-Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 151, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Endourology Technology Section of European Association of Urology (EAU), Arnhem, Netherlands; Progressive Endourological Association for Research and Leading Solutions (PEARLS), Paris, France.

The French Journal of Urology

|November 23, 2025

Summary

This review details laser technologies for endourology, focusing on pulsed lasers like Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG), Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL), and pulsed Thulium:YAG (p-Tm:YAG). These lasers are crucial for modern endourological procedures.

Keywords:

Greenlight Ho:YAG Laser Nd:YAG TFL p-Tm:YAG

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Area of Science:

Urology
Laser Technology
Endourology

Background:

Lasers are indispensable tools in modern endourology.
Understanding available laser sources and their technological principles is crucial for effective application.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a detailed overview of current laser sources utilized in endourological procedures.
To describe the underlying technologies of these laser systems.

Main Methods:

A non-systematic literature review was performed.
Searches were conducted across PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases without time restrictions.
A narrative synthesis of the findings was presented.

Main Results:

Commonly used pulsed lasers include Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG), Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL), and pulsed Thulium:YAG (p-Tm:YAG).
Ho:YAG lasers offer up to 30W MAP, while TFL provides higher frequencies (≤2000Hz) and up to 60W MAP.
Pulsed Thulium:YAG (p-Tm:YAG) lasers offer a compromise with 100W MAP in a single cavity. Continuous wave lasers like KTP, TFL, and Tm:YAG are also frequently employed.

Conclusions:

Pulsed lasers (Ho:YAG, TFL, p-Tm:YAG) and continuous lasers (KTP, TFL, Tm:YAG) are the most prevalent technologies in endourology.
The selection of laser technology depends on the specific endourological application and desired outcomes.