Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Interventional Radiology: Fusion of Human and Machine

Although artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the practice of medicine, its integration into the procedural space presents unique hurdles. Outlining a futuristic AI-driven interventional radiology (IR) workflow may help to narrow and redefine the wide range of theoretical applications. In this future workflow, diagnosis and preprocedural planning may be semiautomated and guided by an AI-driven multidisciplinary tumor board, outcome prediction analysis, noninvasive imaging biopsy, personalized therapeutics, and simulations. Ablations will include automatic segmentation, integrated registration, optimized device selection and trajectory prescription, robotic stereotaxy for large composite treatment volumes, AI response criteria, multimodality fusion, and iterative sphere packing to improve end-to-end procedural management. Additionally, AI virtual outcome prediction software will enable preplanning of robotic endovascular interventions with prescriptive maneuvers that minimize risk and time under anesthesia. Responsible integration of AI technologies will further the mission of IR to make medicine more personalized, minimally invasive, cost-effective, and safe.