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Related Experiment Video

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SBOM generation based on code-level external component trees.

Xianglong Kong1, Hangyi Zhuo2,3, Xinyuan Miao2

  • 1Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China. xlkong@seu.edu.cn.

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|November 23, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a source code-based method for generating accurate software bills of materials (SBOMs), effectively resolving bloated dependencies. The new approach achieves a 99.8% recall rate, minimizing omissions of actual software dependencies for improved supply chain security.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Software Engineering
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Software supply chain security necessitates accurate Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs).
  • Current SBOM generation methods often rely on dependency management files, leading to issues like bloated or missing dependencies.
  • These inaccuracies impact the effectiveness of SBOMs for security and compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel source code-based approach for generating accurate SBOMs.
  • To address the limitations of existing SBOM generation methods, specifically bloated and missing dependencies.
  • To identify and include only the actually used external components in SBOMs.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced the External Component Tree (ECT) structure to organize code-level dependency declarations.
  • Developed three filters to remove native, project-specific, and unused external components.
  • Applied subtree trimming algorithms to extract representative components from complex dependency hierarchies.
  • Evaluated the approach on 30 open-source projects across Java, Python, and Scala.

Main Results:

  • Generated correct SBOMs for all evaluated projects, effectively resolving bloated dependencies.
  • Achieved a recall rate of 99.8%, the highest among compared tools (CycloneDX-Generator, OpenRewrite, Build-Info-Go, Microsoft SBOM-Tool).
  • Demonstrated minimal omission of actual software dependencies, indicating high accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The source code-based SBOM generation approach significantly improves accuracy and reliability.
  • The External Component Tree (ECT) and filtering mechanisms effectively handle complex dependency structures.
  • This method offers a robust solution for accurate SBOM generation, enhancing software supply chain security.