Sex-specific differences factors in quality of life among people with hearing impairment

Quality of life (QoL) in deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) adults is a complicated combination of social, emotional, and communicative factors. Understanding sex-specific nuances is essential for targeted interventions. This study explores gender differences in QoL among DHH adults in Poland, focusing on relationship dynamics, mental health, and communication effectiveness. We surveyed 247 DHH Polish adults (136 women, 111 men) aged 18-71, assessing life satisfaction (SWLS), relationship quality, mental health (composite self-reported depressive and anxiety symptom index), and communication skills. We employed t-tests, chi-square tests, and correlational analyses to identify significant sex-related disparities. Key findings reveal significant gender differences in QoL. DHH men reported markedly higher life satisfaction scores compared to women (M = 22.95 vs. M = 20.88, p < 0.001). Women reported disproportionately greater difficulties in communicating with their partners (42% vs. 28%, p = 0.03) and exhibited significantly higher levels of self-reported depressive (M = 15.2 vs. M = 12.8, p = 0.008) and anxiety (M = 18.5 vs. M = 16.1, p = 0.016) symptom indexes. The capacity for partners to understand sign language was significantly correlated with relationship quality, and women exhibited superior comprehension of sign communication. Sex is a significant predictor of QoL in deaf and hard of hearing adults. The results highlight the critical necessity for customised interventions to address the specific challenges women face, such as communication obstacles, relationship issues, and increased mental health risks. The results highlight the critical necessity for customised interventions to address the specific challenges women face, such as communication obstacles, relationship issues, and increased mental health risks.