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The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Clinical consensus on vestibular infant screening.

Jun Yang1,2,3, Jiali Shen1,2,3, Yulian Jin1,2,3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|November 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardized vestibular infant screening (VIS) protocols are now recommended for infants aged 0-12 months. This consensus addresses early detection of vestibular dysfunction, crucial for development, especially in infants with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).

Keywords:
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentialsInfantSensorineural hearing lossVestibular dysfunctionVestibular infant screening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Vestibular dysfunction frequently co-occurs with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children.
  • Untreated vestibular dysfunction significantly impacts early childhood development.
  • Standardized protocols for vestibular infant screening (VIS) are currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a clinical consensus on VIS for infants aged 0-12 months.
  • Develop standardized protocols for early identification and management of vestibular dysfunction.
  • Address the critical need for early detection due to its impact on development.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-round Delphi process involving 28 international experts in pediatric otolaryngology and vestibular disorders.
  • A comprehensive literature review from 2000-2024 informed the consensus statements.
  • Consensus achieved through anonymous rating, feedback, virtual discussions, and ≥80% agreement on statements.

Main Results:

  • Consensus reached on key recommendations for VIS in infants.
  • Recommendations cover four critical domains: screening tool, target population, optimal timing, and cVEMP recording protocols.
  • Standardized cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) recording protocols were defined.

Conclusions:

  • This consensus provides foundational guidance for implementing standardized VIS protocols in infants.
  • Standardized protocols are advocated to improve early diagnosis and intervention for vestibular dysfunction.
  • Widespread adoption can enhance developmental outcomes through timely detection and management.