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Cognition and brain network connectivity in timed up & go performance.

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Brain network connectivity and cognitive function predict mobility in older adults. Specific connections, like somatomotor hand-ventral attention, impact Timed Up and Go (TUG) test performance, highlighting attentional system roles in aging gait.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gait performance is linked to brain function and cognitive processes across the lifespan.
  • The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test reliably assesses age-related mobility and fall risk in older adults.
  • Understanding factors influencing TUG performance is crucial for maintaining independence in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict Timed Up and Go (TUG) test performance using motor-cognitive inter-network connectivity, cognitive abilities, and socio-demographic factors.
  • To identify specific brain network connections associated with different aspects of gait, including total time, turning time, and turning peak-angular velocity (PAV).
  • To elucidate the role of attentional systems in gait performance during aging.

Main Methods:

  • 189 cognitively unimpaired participants underwent mobility assessment using a wireless inertial sensor for the TUG test.
  • Functional connectivity between somatomotor hand, cerebellar, and cognitive networks was analyzed using pairwise correlations of predefined brain regions.
  • Linear regression models predicted TUG metrics (total time, turning time, PAV) using age, sex, education, cognitive scores, and inter-network connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Somatomotor hand-ventral attentional and cerebellar-Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity predicted TUG total time.
  • Memory performance, somatomotor hand-salience, and somatomotor hand-cingulo opercular connectivity predicted turning time.
  • Age, education, somatomotor hand-dorsal attentional, and cerebellar-cingulo opercular network activation predicted turning PAV.

Conclusions:

  • Inter-network connectivity, particularly involving attentional systems, significantly predicts gait performance metrics in older adults.
  • Different brain network interactions are associated with distinct aspects of gait, such as overall speed versus turning.
  • Findings underscore the diverse contributions of brain networks, especially attentional systems, to age-related changes in gait.