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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Key Factors of Obliterative Bronchiolitis After Lung Transplantation
Published on: November 10, 2023
Updates on Vaccine-Preventable Respiratory Viral Infections in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Sanya J Thomas1,2, Daniel E Dulek3, Hayley A Gans4
1Pediatric Transplant & Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases Program, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA.
Insights
Respiratory viral infections (RVI) pose a significant threat to young children and pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (PSOTR). This review highlights new strategies to prevent and manage vaccine-preventable RVIs in PSOTR.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric infectious diseases
- Transplant immunology
- Public health
Background:
- Acute lower respiratory tract infections caused 725,557 deaths in children under 4 in 2021.
- Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (RVI) are a major cause of hospitalization in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (PSOTR).
- PSOTR experience a 14.5% hospitalization rate from RVIs in the first year post-transplant.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review novel preventative and prophylactic strategies for RVIs in PSOTR.
- To provide updates on vaccine-preventable RVIs, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV.
- To inform the International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) infectious diseases committee.
Main Methods:
- Mini-review of current literature and guidelines.
- Focus on vaccine-preventable respiratory viral infections.
- Discussion of preventative and prophylactic measures.
Main Results:
- Significant global burden of RVIs in young children.
- High incidence of RVIs in PSOTR post-transplant.
- Emerging strategies for RVI prevention and prophylaxis.
Conclusions:
- Vaccine-preventable RVIs remain a critical concern for PSOTR.
- Proactive and novel strategies are essential for managing RVI risk.
- Continued research and updated guidelines are needed to protect this vulnerable population.
Abstract:
The global burden of acute lower respiratory tract infections, including viral etiologies, equated to 725 557 deaths in 2021 in children under 4 years of age. Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (RVI) also carry a high burden among pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (PSOTR), accounting for 14.5% of hospitalizations in the first year post-transplant in an American cohort. This mini review on behalf of the International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) infectious diseases committee discusses novel preventative and prophylactic strategies and includes pertinent updates for vaccine-preventable RVI including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV in PSOTR.
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