NIR-Triggered Upconversion-Perovskite Heterostructures for Non-Genetic, Implant-Free Optoelectronic Neuromodulation.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Conventional optoelectronic neuromodulation uses visible light, limiting tissue penetration and requiring invasive implants.
• Deep-brain stimulation is hindered by poor light penetration and the need for surgical optical fibers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a non-invasive method for precise neuromodulation using near-infrared (NIR) light.
• To create a nanostructure capable of converting NIR light into localized electrical stimuli for neuronal activity modulation.

Main Methods:

• Integration of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and perovskite quantum dots (QDs) into a heterostructure.
• Utilizing 980 nm NIR light to excite the heterostructure for photocurrent generation.
• In vitro and in vivo testing in rodent models to assess neuronal modulation and behavioral effects.

Main Results:

• The heterostructure efficiently converts NIR light into electrical stimuli, modulating neuronal activity in brain slices.
• In vivo transcranial NIR stimulation successfully modulated neuronal activity in the M2 and VTA regions, triggering behavioral changes and dopamine release.
• The nanostructure demonstrated negligible neuroinflammation and stability in brain tissue for over four weeks.

Conclusions:

• A stable heterostructure enables efficient NIR-driven photocurrent generation for non-genetic, minimally invasive neuromodulation.
• This technology provides a promising platform for precise neuromodulation in wild-type animals without implants.
• Potential applications include treating neurological disorders with enhanced precision and reduced invasiveness.