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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
Published on: October 14, 2025
CYP4X1/sEH-Dependent Endocannabinoid Metabolism Drives Fibroblast-Mediated Immunosuppression to Limit Immunotherapy
Min Mo1, Xuewei Chen2, Yanzhuo Liu3
1Department of Pharmacology and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Abstract:
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4X1 and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the key enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid oxidative metabolism, have been implicated in inflammation and cancer. However, the precise role of CYP4X1 and sEH in tumor immune evasion is poorly understood. Here, it is elucidated that CYP4X1/sEH-dependent endocannabinoid metabolism governs immune evasion in colon cancer by promoting the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and impairing CD8+ T cell effector function. Mechanistically, CYP4X1/sEH-derived 14,15-EET-EA upregulates PD-L1, CXCL12, and TGF-β in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) via the GPR119-Gs/β-arrestin 2 signaling axis. Importantly, targeted regulation of the CYP4X1/sEH-GPR119 axis enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, CYP4X1 and sEH levels jointly predict prognosis and immune infiltration in human colon cancer. Together, this study highlights that CYP4X1/sEH-dependent endocannabinoid metabolism controls CAF-mediated immune evasion, and targeting the CYP4X1/sEH-14,15-EET-EA-GPR119 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving anti-PD-1 therapy in colon cancer.
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