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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

Homogenization of Post-Transition Metal Alloys into High-Entropy-Like Nanoparticles.

Francois-Marie Allioux^1,2, Luis G B Campos¹, Yuqin Wang¹

¹School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|November 24, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed novel high-entropy-like nanoparticles using post-transition metals. Low-temperature sonication enabled nanoscale homogenization, creating unique core-shell structures for efficient carbon dioxide reduction.

Keywords:

CO2 electroreduction high‐entropy nanoparticles liquid metals post‐transition metal alloys

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrochemistry

Background:

High-entropy materials typically involve mixing immiscible transition metals under extreme conditions.
Post-transition metals offer a less explored compositional space for advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel high-entropy-like nanoparticles from post-transition metals.
To investigate a low-temperature method for achieving nanoscale homogenization.
To evaluate the performance of these nanoparticles in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a bulk high-entropy-like melt from Ga, In, Sn, Zn, and Bi.
Application of low-temperature sonication to induce ultrasonic agitation.
Analysis of phase segregation and atomic-level diffusion using cavitation and shear forces.
Characterization of core-shell nanoparticle structure.

Main Results:

Achieved core-level nanoscale homogenization from a phase-segregated melt.
Formed uniformly distributed, compositionally complex nanoparticles with a core-shell structure.
Demonstrated high current densities and formate selectivity in electrochemical CO2 reduction.

Conclusions:

Established a scalable, low-temperature route for synthesizing high-entropy-like nanoparticles from post-transition metals.
Circumvented the need for high-temperature or shock-based synthesis methods.
Expanded the compositional scope for high-entropy materials into softer, low-melting-point systems.