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Advances in Whole Blood Separation Techniques for Point-of-Care Testing.

Mihye Lee1, Samiha Ahmed2,3, Lin Tong4

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

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Summary

Whole blood diagnostics face challenges due to sample complexity. This review explores point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms and blood separation techniques for accurate, accessible diagnostics.

Keywords:
acoustofluidicsblood separationcapillary-driven flowcentrifugationdiagnosticslow-resource settingsmembrane filtrationmicrofluidicspoint-of-care testingrapid testing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Diagnostics
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Whole blood is a ubiquitous clinical sample but challenging for direct diagnostic use due to interfering components.
  • Traditional methods for whole blood processing (e.g., centrifugation) are often impractical for point-of-care testing (POCT), especially in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review whole blood-based POCT platforms and integrated blood separation techniques.
  • To evaluate the operational principles, performance, and feasibility of various separation methods for POCT.
  • To provide a framework for selecting blood separation strategies for specific diagnostic needs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and emerging blood separation techniques for POCT.
  • Analysis of methods including centrifugation, microfluidics, membrane filtration, capillary-driven flow, electrophoresis, and acoustofluidics.
  • Evaluation of performance metrics such as yield, purity, and turnaround time.

Main Results:

  • Various separation techniques show promise for direct whole blood analysis in POCT.
  • Trade-offs exist among efficiency, cost, complexity, and integration potential for different methods.
  • Emerging technologies like microfluidics and acoustofluidics offer potential for integrated POCT solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Selecting appropriate blood separation strategies is crucial for effective POCT deployment.
  • Advancements in separation technologies can overcome whole blood's complexity for diagnostics.
  • This review supports the broader implementation of POCT in diverse healthcare settings.