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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Age differences in electrocortical dynamics during uneven terrain walking.

Chang Liu1,2, Erika M Pliner1,3, Jacob Salminen1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show increased gait variability on uneven terrain and reduced brain activity modulation compared to younger adults. This suggests decreased cortical flexibility may impact mobility in aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Gait control becomes less automatic with age, impacting mobility on challenging surfaces.
  • Mobile brain imaging using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) offers insights into neural mechanisms of age-related mobility decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify age-related differences in brain activity (electrocortical dynamics) during uneven terrain walking.
  • To compare averaged and within-stride brain activity variations between young and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • 31 young and 71 older adults walked on an uneven terrain treadmill at varying difficulty levels.
  • High-density electroencephalography (EEG) recorded brain activity, analyzed for power spectral changes in alpha and beta bands.
  • Gait parameters like step duration and sacral excursion variability were measured.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed greater increases in gait variability (step duration, sacral excursion) with terrain unevenness.
  • Both age groups exhibited widespread brain activity changes, particularly in alpha and beta bands, on uneven terrain.
  • Younger adults had greater reductions in parieto-occipital alpha/beta power with increasing unevenness; older adults showed less modulation and increased occipital activity fluctuations on uneven terrain.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults exhibit increased gait variability but reduced cortical network flexibility, indicated by a lack of task-related brain activity modulation.
  • Reduced modulation of parieto-occipital activity in older adults suggests a potential over-reliance on visual processing even on stable surfaces, limiting adaptive capacity for uneven terrain.