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The Long Non-coding RNA Landscape of Endurance Exercise Training.

Bernardo Bonilauri1,2, Gregory R Smith3, Archana N Raja2,4

  • 1Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

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|November 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical exercise significantly alters long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression across various rat tissues, with notable changes in adipose tissue and the hypothalamus. This research highlights exercise-responsive lncRNAs and their potential therapeutic roles.

Keywords:
chromatinendurance trainingexercisegene expressionlncRNAnon-coding

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular processes.
  • The role of lncRNAs in response to physical activity and training is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze lncRNA expression patterns in multiple tissues following endurance training.
  • To characterize tissue-specific lncRNA responses to exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lncRNA expression in 18 rat tissues after an 8-week progressive endurance training program.
  • Comparison of lncRNA characteristics (abundance, length, GC content) with protein-coding genes.
  • Investigation of correlations between lncRNAs and coding genes, and identification of sex differences.

Main Results:

  • lncRNA expression patterns were largely tissue-specific.
  • 759 unique lncRNAs were differentially expressed, generally showing lower abundance and shorter lengths than protein-coding genes.
  • Adipose tissues, hypothalamus, and adrenal gland exhibited the most pronounced lncRNA changes, with correlations to immune regulation genes.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise training induces significant, tissue-specific changes in lncRNA expression.
  • lncRNAs represent a novel regulatory layer in the molecular response to exercise.
  • Understanding exercise-responsive lncRNAs may lead to new therapeutic strategies leveraging exercise benefits.