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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Microglial plasticity across development mediates infantile amnesia.

Erika Stewart^1,2, Louisa G Zielke^1,2, Gabrielle Guillaume^1,2

¹School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|November 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia, immune cells in the brain, regulate early childhood memory. Inhibiting microglial activity in infancy prevents infantile amnesia, revealing their role in memory persistence.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Immunology

Background:

Infantile amnesia is the inability to recall early childhood memories.
The mechanisms behind infantile amnesia are not well understood.
Microglia, the brain's immune cells, influence brain development and memory.

Purpose of the Study:

To understand the mechanistic basis of infantile amnesia.
To investigate the role of microglia in memory formation and retrieval during infancy.

Main Methods:

Profiling microglial morphology during the postnatal period.
Pharmacological inhibition of microglial activity in infant rodents.
Activity-dependent tagging of infant-encoded memory traces (engrams).
Analyzing microglia-engram cell interactions in the amygdala.

Main Results:

Microglial activity changes correlate with the onset of infantile forgetting.
Inhibiting microglia during a critical window prevented infantile amnesia for contextual fear memories.
Microglial inhibition affected engram size, reactivation, and microglia-engram cell interactions.
Microglial dysfunction in maternal immune activation models was linked to a lack of infantile amnesia.

Conclusions:

Microglia are key regulators of memory accessibility and persistence in infancy.
Microglial activity actively modulates infant memory.
Dysfunctional microglia may contribute to memory impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders.