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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

Published on: April 7, 2015

Indirect Deuterium Displacement Exchange Imaging for Noninvasive High-Resolution CSF Production Mapping.

Debolina De¹, Shelei Pan², Helia Hosseini¹

¹Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|November 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a noninvasive MRI method, cerebrospinal fluid indirect deuterium displacement exchange imaging (CSF-iDDxI), to measure cerebrospinal fluid production. This technique accurately quanties CSF turnover, offering a significant advancement over existing invasive methods.

Keywords:

CSF production choroid plexus glymphatic system indirect deuterium imaging water exchange

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Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Diffusion Imaging in the Rat Cervical Spinal Cord

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Published on: April 7, 2015

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants

Published on: March 14, 2013

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Co-analysis of Brain Structure and Function using fMRI and Diffusion-weighted Imaging

Published on: November 8, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Physiology
Biophysics

Background:

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production is vital for brain homeostasis.
Current methods for measuring CSF production are invasive and unreliable.
There is a need for noninvasive techniques to quantify CSF dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate indirect deuterium displacement exchange imaging (CSF-iDDxI) as a noninvasive MRI method for mapping CSF production in vivo.
To demonstrate the ability of CSF-iDDxI to quantify CSF turnover rates.
To pharmacologically validate the specificity of CSF-iDDxI for CSF production.

Main Methods:

Intravenous infusion of deuterium oxide (D2O) in rats.
High-resolution 3D balanced steady-state free precession MRI acquisition.
Pharmacological challenge using acetazolamide to suppress CSF production.

Main Results:

CSF-iDDxI demonstrated robust, widespread D2O-induced signal loss in CSF spaces.
Acetazolamide selectively suppressed the D2O-induced signal loss in CSF, confirming specificity to CSF production.
Kinetic modeling estimated CSF water turnover rates, reduced by acetazolamide, consistent with prior studies.

Conclusions:

CSF-iDDxI is a sensitive and noninvasive MRI technique for quantifying CSF production and turnover.
The method is pharmacologically validated, offering a reliable alternative to invasive techniques.
CSF-iDDxI has the potential to advance the understanding of brain homeostasis and related disorders.