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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Nuclear Packing Sets Fluidity Along the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Spectrum.

Karen Yu, Alexander J Devanny, Laura J Kaufman

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |November 24, 2025
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    Summary

    Cancer cell fluidity during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is linked to nuclear stiffness. Softening cell nuclei promotes fluidity, revealing nuclear morphology as a key determinant of cancer cell jamming and movement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell biology
    • Biophysics
    • Cancer research

    Background:

    • Jamming in cancer is often studied using phase diagrams to map fluidity during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
    • Understanding cancer cell fluidity is crucial for comprehending metastasis and developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of nuclear properties in regulating cancer cell fluidity and coalescence.
    • To identify key cellular and nuclear features that predict fluidity during EMT.

    Main Methods:

    • Coalescence assays using homotypic and heterotypic multicellular spheroids.
    • Analysis of nuclear morphology (stiffness, shape, internuclear spacing) and cellular properties.
    • Development of an effective nuclear packing metric.

    Main Results:

    • Small changes in EMT status dramatically alter cancer cell fluidity.
    • Stiff cell nuclei impede spheroid coalescence, while softening nuclei promote fluidization.
    • Cancer cell fluidity is accurately predicted by static nuclear properties like spacing and shape.

    Conclusions:

    • Nuclear morphology and packing are critical determinants of cancer cell fluidity.
    • The effective nuclear packing metric, based on nuclear occupancy and elongation, predicts fluidity.
    • These findings offer new insights into cancer cell dynamics and potential therapeutic targets.