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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Early menopause is associated with reduced global brain activity.

Xufu Liu1, Liying Luo2, Laura Pritschet3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Early menopause is linked to weaker brain activity and impaired memory. This may explain accelerated aging and higher dementia risk in women experiencing menopause sooner.

Keywords:
Early menopauseGlobal brain activityInfra-slow brain activityResting-state fMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Menopause involves declining ovarian hormones, accelerating aging and increasing neurodegenerative disease risk in women.
  • Early menopause exacerbates physiological aging, memory impairment, and dementia risk.
  • Infra-slow global brain activity (< 0.1 Hz) is crucial for arousal, memory, and waste clearance, potentially impacting Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the timing of menopause and global brain activity.
  • To understand how early menopause influences brain function and cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project-Aging dataset.
  • Compared infra-slow global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow coupling between early and later menopausal women.

Main Results:

  • Women with earlier menopause showed significantly weaker global brain activity (p=5.0×10-4) and reduced CSF flow coupling (p=0.017).
  • These differences were prominent in higher-order brain regions.
  • Brain activation correlated with memory performance only in early menopausal women.

Conclusions:

  • Early menopause is associated with altered global brain activity and impaired CSF flow.
  • These brain changes may underlie memory deficits and increased dementia risk in early-onset menopausal women.
  • Findings suggest a potential mechanism linking menopause timing to accelerated brain aging and neurodegeneration.