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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Inhibitory control and error processing in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A mega-analysis of task-based fMRI data by

Nadza Dzinalija^1,2, Odile A van den Heuvel^1,2, H Blair Simpson^3,4

¹Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije University Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|November 24, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain differences in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) vary by age. Inhibitory control deficits in OCD are linked to symptom severity and may be developmental.

Keywords:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder clinical features disorder effects error processing mega-analysis response inhibition task-based fMRI

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to impaired inhibitory control and heightened error monitoring.
These cognitive deficits may perpetuate obsessions and compulsions in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate neural activation during response inhibition and error processing in individuals with OCD.
Utilize adult and pediatric data from the ENIGMA-OCD consortium and ABCD study for a comprehensive mega-analysis.

Main Methods:

Uniform processing of individual participant data using HALFpipe to extract statistical maps.
Employ Bayesian multilevel models to analyze regional and whole-brain effects of OCD.
Examine the association between OCD clinical profile and task-related brain activation.

Main Results:

Both individuals with OCD and controls showed significant activation in relevant brain regions during tasks.
Adults with OCD exhibited stronger somatomotor cortex activation during response inhibition, while children showed stronger occipital cortex activation.
Children with likely OCD displayed reduced frontoparietal network activity in the anterior insula/frontal operculum; adults with OCD showed weaker fronto-striatal activation during error processing.

Conclusions:

Observed brain activation differences during inhibitory control tasks in OCD are age-dependent.
OCD symptom severity is a key correlate of activation during inhibition, indicating state-dependent and developmentally specific deficits.