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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...

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A Zika Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Mitigates Early Pregnancy Loss In Rhesus Macaques.

Hannah K Jaeger1, Jessica L Smith1, Caralyn S Labriola1,2

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Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 24, 2025
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A Zika virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate protected pregnant macaques against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study highlights the potential of ZIKV-VLP vaccines for preventing congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) caused a significant outbreak in the Americas, leading to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) with severe birth defects and miscarriages.
  • No licensed ZIKV vaccines are currently available, necessitating the development of effective preventive strategies.
  • The rhesus macaque (RM) pregnancy model is crucial for evaluating ZIKV vaccine candidates' efficacy against adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the protective efficacy of a Zika virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate in a pregnant rhesus macaque model.
  • To evaluate the vaccine's ability to prevent ZIKV-induced adverse pregnancy complications, including fetal demise and miscarriage.

Main Methods:

  • Developed ZIKV-VLPs using the pre-membrane-envelope region of the Asian-lineage ZIKV strain PRVABC59.
  • Vaccinated two cohorts of female RM with ZIKV-VLP and adjuvant (alum) or adjuvant alone prior to mating.
  • Challenged pregnant animals at gestational day 30 with a highly pathogenic African-lineage ZIKV strain (DAK 41524) and monitored for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Results:

  • In the vaccinated cohort, 2 out of 3 animals reached the study endpoint (GD 90) without adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • One vaccinated animal experienced pregnancy loss, but no infectious virus was detected in placental or fetal tissues.
  • The unvaccinated cohort exhibited severe adverse events, including preterm labor and fetal demise with widespread ZIKV RNA and placental damage.

Conclusions:

  • The ZIKV-VLP vaccine candidate demonstrated significant protection against fetal demise in pregnant macaques challenged with a pathogenic ZIKV strain.
  • The study confirms the high risk of early pregnancy loss associated with ZIKV infection in this RM model.
  • This ZIKV-VLP vaccine candidate shows promise for preventing ZIKV-related adverse pregnancy outcomes and congenital Zika syndrome.