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Signal peptidase complex mediates rotavirus VP7 processing and virion assembly.

Xuejiao Zhu1,2, Liliana Sanchez-Tacuba3, Wandy Beatty1

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The signal peptidase complex (SPC) is crucial for rotavirus infection, aiding in the maturation of the VP7 protein. Disrupting SPC impairs viral assembly and infectivity, suggesting it as a potential antiviral target.

Keywords:
SPCVP7maturationprotein-protein interactionsrotavirusvirion assembly

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Viral glycoproteins require proper processing at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for infection.
  • Rotavirus outer capsid protein VP7 is an ER-resident protein with an unknown signal peptide cleavage mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify host factors involved in rotavirus VP7 processing and maturation.
  • To elucidate the role of identified host factors in rotavirus infection and assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry to identify VP7 interacting proteins.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and siRNA for gene knockdown of candidate host factors.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze viral particle morphology.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to investigate protein-protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • Members of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) were identified as host factors interacting with VP7.
  • Knockdown or knockout of SPC subunits significantly reduced rotavirus titers independently of viral strain and cell type.
  • Loss of SPC impaired VP7 signal peptide cleavage, leading to abnormal viral particles and defects in virion maturation and assembly.
  • Residue E256 in VP7 was identified as a key binding site for SPC, and mutation of this site reduced viral infectivity.

Conclusions:

  • SPC is a novel regulator of rotavirus VP7 maturation and virion assembly.
  • SPC facilitates efficient cleavage of the VP7 signal peptide, essential for viral infectivity.
  • SPC represents a potential cellular target for broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic development against rotavirus.