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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Locally ordered junctions govern diffusion in triglycerides: insights from molecular dynamics simulations.

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Microscopic structures, not molecular size or thermodynamics, explain triglyceride viscosity differences. Local C-chain alignment forms networks that dictate flow behavior in applications like fuels and lubricants.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physical Chemistry
  • * Materials Science
  • * Biophysics

Background:

  • * Triglycerides (TGs) are crucial in various industries, exhibiting diverse flow properties.
  • * Despite similar compositions, TGs show distinct viscosities, with microscopic origins poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the molecular-level reasons behind viscosity variations in different triglycerides.
  • * To explore the relationship between molecular structure, dynamics, and macroscopic flow behavior.

Main Methods:

  • * All-atom molecular dynamics simulations were conducted on three representative TGs: trioctanoin (8:0), triolein (18:1), and trilinolenin (18:3).
  • * Analyses included cohesive energy density, melting point correlations, molecular size, conformational statistics, and mesoscale cluster morphologies.

Main Results:

  • * Simulations reproduced experimental viscosity ordering: 18:1 > 8:0 > 18:3.
  • * Viscosity differences could not be explained by cohesive energy density, melting points, or molecular size.
  • * Local parallel alignment of C-chain segments formed network structures, correlating directly with viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • * Fine-scale packing and the formation of extended network structures govern TG dynamics and viscosity.
  • * This finding provides a microscopic explanation for diverse TG flow behaviors, essential for material design.