Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Full-Body AI Agent: A Perspective on Multi-Scale Collaborative AI for Systemic Biology and Precision Medicine.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of potassium-containing low-sodium salt substitutes for cardiovascular disease prevention in mixed adult populations: an umbrella review.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Real-World Effectiveness of Upadacitinib for Perianal Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2026
Same author

Variability, stability, and the law of effect.

Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition·2026
Same author

Development and function of specified thymic iNKT1 cells critically depend on an Ets1-Tbet transcription factor axis.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

An Interferon-Response Transcriptomic Signature of Lymphovascular Invasion in Prostate Cancer.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Microfluidic Production of Lysolipid-Containing Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes
09:51

Microfluidic Production of Lysolipid-Containing Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes

Published on: March 3, 2020

9.7K

Systematic development and optimization of a microfluidic formulation protocol for liposomal azithromycin.

Abdullah A Masud1, Nabilah Ibnat1, Areli Medina Hernandez1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40536 USA Vincent.venditto@uky.edu.

RSC Pharmaceutics
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microfluidic nanoprecipitation offers a scalable method for producing liposomal azithromycin (L-AZM) for cardiac injury treatment. This optimized L-AZM formulation shows improved quality attributes compared to traditional methods, paving the way for clinical use.

More Related Videos

Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes
08:44

Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.3K
Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform
09:41

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Published on: February 25, 2021

24.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Microfluidic Production of Lysolipid-Containing Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes
09:51

Microfluidic Production of Lysolipid-Containing Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes

Published on: March 3, 2020

9.7K
Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes
08:44

Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes

Published on: July 30, 2020

5.3K
Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform
09:41

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Published on: February 25, 2021

24.9K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Liposomal azithromycin (L-AZM) shows promise for treating cardiac injury post-myocardial infarction.
  • Conventional thin film hydration (TFH) for L-AZM production faces scalability and reproducibility issues, hindering clinical translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize liposomal azithromycin (L-AZM) formulation using microfluidic nanoprecipitation for improved manufacturing and clinical applicability.
  • To evaluate critical quality attributes (CQAs) of L-AZM produced via microfluidics compared to TFH.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic optimization of microfluidic nanoprecipitation parameters (flow rate ratio, total flow rate).
  • Formulation adjustment using DSPC:DSPG:Chol:AZM molar ratios.
  • Evaluation of liposome size, polydispersity index (PDI), encapsulation efficiency, and leakage.
  • Comparison of in vitro macrophage polarization activity between microfluidic and TFH methods.

Main Results:

  • Optimal microfluidic parameters determined as 4:1 flow rate ratio and 10 mL/min total flow rate.
  • An optimized formulation (DSPC:DSPG:Chol:AZM 1:1:1:0.5) exhibited reduced size and PDI compared to TFH.
  • No significant difference in in vitro macrophage polarization activity was observed between the two formulation methods.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic nanoprecipitation provides a reproducible and scalable method for producing L-AZM with enhanced quality attributes.
  • The optimized L-AZM formulation is suitable for further preclinical development and potential clinical translation for myocardial infarction treatment.
  • This study establishes a manufacturing pathway for advanced liposomal drug delivery systems.