Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.0K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.0K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

50.4K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
50.4K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

56.4K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
56.4K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

1.0K
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.0K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

905
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
905
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

879
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
879

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Feasibility and preliminary effects of combined exercise and nutritional intervention on muscle mass preservation during chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: a prospective study.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2026
Same author

Laryngeal Edema Due to Cervical Hematoma Following Submandibular Liposuction: A Case Report.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Development of a novel prognostic assessment tool for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

BMC medicine·2026
Same author

Vestibular rehabilitation strategies of the Japan Society for Equilibrium Research.

Auris, nasus, larynx·2026
Same author

Age-related decline in temporal sound processing: insights from envelope steepness map in the mouse auditory cortex.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same author

Gel Immersion vs. Water Immersion Endoscopic Ultrasound for Visualization of the Duodenal Papilla and Periampullary Lesions: A Dual-Center Retrospective Study With Blinded Evaluation of Archived Videos.

Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.9K

Orthogonal spectral and temporal envelope representation during the onset phase in auditory cortex.

Kuniyuki Takahashi1, Tianrui Guo2, Tatsuya Yamagishi2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.

Iscience
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Scientists mapped temporal envelope steepness in the mouse auditory cortex, revealing a new organizational principle. This discovery provides insights into how the brain processes complex sounds like speech.

Keywords:
Sensory neuroscienceSystems neuroscience

More Related Videos

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

11.2K
Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

769

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations

Published on: July 1, 2015

16.9K
Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities
09:38

Quantitative Assessment of Cortical Auditory-tactile Processing in Children with Disabilities

Published on: January 29, 2014

11.2K
Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents
07:52

Multiscale Investigations of Cortical Processing by Integrating Laminar Polytrodes and Optogenetics with Micro Electrocorticography in Rodents

Published on: May 23, 2025

769

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Speech perception depends on spectral and temporal acoustic features.
  • Spectral information is tonotopically organized in the auditory cortex.
  • The cortical organization of temporal features remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cortical representation of temporal envelope steepness in the auditory cortex.
  • To determine if temporal features are systematically mapped in the auditory cortex.
  • To understand the neural basis for processing complex sounds.

Main Methods:

  • Widefield calcium imaging in mice.
  • Systematic variation of sound onset rise-ramp steepness and frequencies.
  • Analysis of neural responses to acoustic stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Temporal envelope steepness is systematically mapped in the mouse auditory cortex.
  • This map is organized orthogonally to the tonotopic axis, creating a two-dimensional representation.
  • Distinct organizational patterns were observed in primary-like versus higher-order-like auditory areas.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory cortex encodes sound along two independent axes: spectral and temporal.
  • This dual-axis organization provides a neural basis for parallel processing of complex sounds.
  • Findings suggest distinct auditory processing streams within the auditory cortex.