Patterns of Sleep Quality and Their Associations With Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Among Chinese Coronary Heart...

Sleep problem among coronary heart disease (CHD) patients has emerged as a pressing health problem. This study aimed to explore different sleep quality patterns and their associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among CHD patients.

This study included 691 CHD patients from China and was conducted in 2023. Basic demographic characteristics, sleep quality, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were collected. Latent class analysis (LCA) and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify sleep quality patterns and to explore the associations between these patterns and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Among the patients, 62.81% reported depressive symptoms and 48.48% had anxiety symptoms. Four sleep quality patterns were identified: "Good sleep group" (55.57%), "Inefficient short sleep group" (14.33%), "Poor sleep group" (8.68%), and "Disturbed sleep group" (21.42%). Compared to the "Good sleep group," both "Disturbed sleep group" (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 2.76-6.97) and "Poor sleep group" (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.02-7.61) exhibited high depressive symptoms, with "Inefficient short sleep group" also showing increased depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.54-4.02). For anxiety symptoms, "Poor sleep group" (OR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.64-5.12), "Disturbed sleep group" (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.60-3.47), and "Inefficient short sleep group" (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.35-3.31) all exhibited elevated levels of anxiety symptoms. These associations remained robust after adjusting for potential confounders.

This study highlights the critical role of sleep quality in the mental health of CHD patients, identifying specific sleep quality patterns associated with higher risks of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Improving sleep quality may serve as an effective approach to alleviating these mental health symptoms, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions to enhance well-being of CHD patients.