Osteopoikilosis in the Mandible

Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is a rare benign bone dysplasia characterized by the presence of multiple radiodense patches scattered throughout the skeleton's trabecular bone. It presents as small well-demarcated bone lesions of variable sizes and of a sclerotic nature. OPK is a benign bone pathology that requires no treatment but monitoring and management of possible symptoms. This case highlights the incidental finding of an asymptomatic OPK in the mandible of a patient seeking orthodontic treatment; OPK manifestation in the mandible was rarely reported before. Radiologic and clinical diagnoses, along with the family history, confirmed the differential diagnosis of OPK. Such a differential diagnosis includes a range of serious conditions such as osteoblastic metastasis and tuberous sclerosis, making the correct diagnosis of OPK essential for overtreatment prevention. Treatment consisted of patient education, follow-up, and anti-inflammatory drugs in case of symptomatic flare-ups. This article reports on a case of OPK presenting lesions in the mandible as well as in other bones of the skeleton; such a manifestation of OPK in the cranium and specifically in the mandible is considered extremely rare.