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Inferring Unknown Race in Central Cancer Registries.

Francis P Boscoe1

  • 1Francis P. Boscoe, Ph.D., Pumphandle, LLC, Camden, Maine.

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|November 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) to reduce missing race information in cancer registries by up to 75%, improving data accuracy for cancer incidence rates.

Keywords:
Bayesian Improved Surname Geocodingethnicitymissingnessracerace-specific rates

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Completeness of race information is crucial for cancer registry data certification in the US.
  • Missing race data can lead to inaccuracies in cancer incidence rates and disparities analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and evaluate the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method for reducing unknown race information in cancer registries.
  • To assess the accuracy and effectiveness of BISG in improving race-specific cancer incidence data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) method, a technique with over 15 years of use in social sciences and public health.
  • Employed North Carolina voter rolls as a proxy for cancer patients, sampling to mirror national race/ethnicity distributions.
  • Integrated BISG into freely available computer code for widespread application.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a reduction in unknown race information by up to 75%.
  • Demonstrated high accuracy (95%), with race-specific sensitivity ranging from 81-99% and positive predictive value from 88-97%.
  • Showed potential to increase accuracy of race-specific cancer incidence rates by up to 3% in registries with high missingness.

Conclusions:

  • The BISG method offers a validated approach to significantly improve the completeness and accuracy of race information in cancer registries.
  • Accurate race data is essential for reliable cancer surveillance, research, and targeted public health interventions.
  • The availability of BISG in computer code facilitates its adoption and enhances the quality of cancer data nationwide.