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Heart rate variability: a multidimensional perspective from physiological marker to brain-heart axis disorders
Shujuan Liu1, Yunyi Cui2, Meihong Chen1
1Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, China.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|November 24, 2025
Summary
Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic nervous system activity and shows potential as a biomarker for various health conditions. Further research is needed to validate its clinical use for personalized medicine.
Area of Science:
- Physiology and Medicine
- Biomarker Discovery
- Autonomic Nervous System Research
Background:
- Heart rate variability (HRV) quantifies autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and homeodynamics.
- HRV changes correlate with adaptability, disease risk, and treatment efficacy across various conditions.
- Growing interest in HRV for cardiovascular disease, mental health, and aging research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the role of HRV in physiological and pathological contexts.
- To explore HRV's potential as a trans-diagnostic biomarker.
- To synthesize evidence through the brain-heart axis (BHA) lens for understanding dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- Review of basic concepts, measurements, and influencing factors of HRV.
- In-depth analysis of HRV's relationship with cardiovascular disease, epilepsy, depression, aging, and inflammation.
- Emphasis on HRV's role in assessing obesity, nutrition, and lifestyle impacts.
Main Results:
- HRV is a promising non-invasive, trans-diagnostic biomarker.
- HRV metrics can serve as a proxy for brain-heart axis dysfunction.
- Current evidence is largely associative, requiring further validation.
Conclusions:
- HRV has potential in predicting disease, guiding treatment, and evaluating interventions.
- Clinical utility for personalized medicine requires standardized protocols and causal inference studies.
- Future research should focus on HRV for individualized medicine and health monitoring.
Keywords:
autonomic nervous systemcardiovascular diseaseheart rate variabilitymental healthmixed branchobesityparasympathetic branchsympathetic branchMore Related Videos
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