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Renata Simkunaite-Rizgeliene1, Rosita Reivytyte2, Viktorija Virbauskyte2

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Maternal malnutrition in rats leads to liver damage, including steatosis and ballooning, in offspring across two generations. These effects were more severe in the first generation, indicating a lasting impact of poor nutrition on liver health.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Maternal nutritional deprivation is a global health concern linked to adverse fetal outcomes, metabolic syndrome, and adult obesity.
  • Undernutrition poses significant challenges in both developed and developing nations due to socioeconomic factors and societal pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of maternal malnutrition on liver morphology in aged offspring.
  • To assess the intergenerational impact (F1 and F2) of maternal dietary restriction on hepatic health.

Main Methods:

  • An experimental study using 26 rats divided into control and two maternal dietary restriction groups (pre-pregnancy and pre- and during-pregnancy).
  • Histopathological examination of offspring livers for hepatic steatosis, ballooning, inflammation, and fibrosis.
  • Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test for data comparison.

Main Results:

  • Offspring from malnourished mothers showed increased hepatic steatosis and ballooning compared to controls in both generations.
  • Mothers undernourished before pregnancy resulted in more severe steatosis; restriction during pregnancy increased ballooning.
  • Generational effects were less pronounced in the second generation, with first-generation offspring exhibiting significantly higher steatosis.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal undernutrition is associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring.
  • The study highlights the lasting impact of maternal nutrition on offspring liver health across generations.