Applying Hybrid Coding and Reflexivity in Qualitative Content Analysis: An Exemplar

Area of Science:

• Nursing Research
• Qualitative Methodology
• Data Analysis

Background:

• Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) is a common method in nursing research for textual data analysis.
• Standard coding methods include deductive, inductive, and hybrid (abductive) techniques.
• The hybrid coding technique is under-utilized in nursing research, despite its potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a practical example of applying the hybrid coding technique in nursing research.
• To detail reflexive practices employed to ensure research trustworthiness.
• To enhance the understanding of hybrid coding's utility within the QCA framework in nursing.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) using a hybrid coding technique.
• Application of reflexive practices by the primary researcher.
• Analysis of textual data from nursing research context.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated successful application of the hybrid coding technique in nursing research.
• Detailed reflexive strategies used to mitigate bias and enhance credibility.
• Provided practical insights into integrating hybrid coding within QCA.

Conclusions:

• The hybrid coding technique offers a valuable approach for nursing research, complementing deductive and inductive methods.
• Reflexivity is crucial for ensuring trustworthiness, especially when researchers have close ties to participants or data.
• Further adoption of hybrid coding and robust reflexivity can strengthen the rigor and credibility of nursing qualitative research.