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Validated screening tool for referral of temporomandibular disorders in older adults: development and psychometric
Objectives:
This study aimed to develop and validate the content, form, construct, and reliability of a referral questionnaire for the specialty of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain in older people.
Method And Materials:
Using the Delphi technique, an expert panel validated the questionnaire regarding its relevance, question wording, structure, and clarity (content and form). A cognitive debriefing was then conducted on a sample of 30 older adults. For construct validity, a confirmatory factor analysis, principal component analysis, and evaluation of intercorrelated variables were performed, assessing the data's goodness of fit and reliability.
Results:
Considering the panel of 24 experts, content validation showed critical content validity ratio of 0.417, critical N of 17, and content validity index of 0.47, resulting in five questions to assess in terms of form. After four rounds, the necessary agreement in form (at least 70%) was obtained for all questions. The results showed the suitability of the factor analysis (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure, 0.78; Bartlett test, 94.698; P .05). Confirmatory factor analysis generally showed high factorial loading values corresponding to their respective domains (pain and physical function). The goodness of fit showed acceptable and perfect fit (standardized root mean square residual, 0.053; comparative fit index, 0.964; and Tucker-Lewis index, 0.911). Overall reliability was high (Kuder-Richardson formula 20, 0.818).
Conclusion:
The proposed referral questionnaire for the specialty of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain in older people presents content, form, and construct validation with high reliability.
