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Effects of Multimodal AR-HUD Navigation Prompt Mode and Timing on Driving Behavior.

Qi Zhu1,2, Ziqi Liu3, Youlan Li2

  • 1School of Packaging Design and Arts, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.

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|November 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synchronous auditory and visual prompts in augmented reality head-up displays (AR-HUDs) at -1000m improve driver reaction time and attention. This multimodal prompt timing optimizes driving performance and safety.

Keywords:
AR-HUDcontinuous auditory promptdriving behavioreye movementmultimodalprompt timingvisual navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Current augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) navigation research often overlooks the impact of auditory and visual prompt synchrony and timing on driver behavior.
  • The interplay between prompt synchrony, prompt distance, and driver attention mechanisms requires further investigation for optimizing AR-HUD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of multimodal prompt synchrony (synchronous vs. asynchronous) and prompt timing (-2000m, -1000m, -500m) on driver reaction time, sustained attention, and eye movement behaviors.
  • To determine optimal prompt delivery strategies for enhancing driver performance and safety in AR-HUD navigation systems.

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject experimental design with 2 (prompt mode: synchronous/asynchronous) x 3 (prompt timing: -2000m/-1000m/-500m) factors was utilized.
  • Driver reaction time, sustained attention, and eye movement metrics (fixation duration, fixation count) were recorded.
  • Behavioral and eye-tracking data were analyzed to assess the influence of prompt synchrony and timing.

Main Results:

  • Both prompt mode and prompt timing significantly impacted driver response performance and attention stability.
  • Synchronous prompts delivered at -1000m resulted in optimal driver performance.
  • Synchronous prompts enhanced fixation stability and reduced visual load, indicating more efficient information processing.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt synchrony and timing are critical factors influencing driver perceptual processing and operational performance in AR-HUD systems.
  • Delivering synchronous auditory and visual prompts at -1000m provides an optimal balance for timely information delivery and multimodal integration.
  • Recommendations include maintaining temporal consistency in multimodal prompts and optimizing prompt distance to enhance AR-HUD safety and efficiency.