How Have Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) Been Implemented in Pharmacy Education? A Scoping Review
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in pharmacy education improve competency assessment, primarily in practice settings. Implementation faces challenges like workload, but direct observation enhances student performance.
Area Of Science
- Pharmacy Education
- Competency-Based Education
- Health Professions Education
Background
- Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) define practice units for learners demonstrating competence.
- Pharmacy education increasingly adopts EPAs to structure learning and assessment.
- Understanding EPA implementation in pharmacy is crucial for effective integration.
Purpose Of The Study
- To conduct a scoping review on the implementation of EPAs in pharmacy education.
- To synthesize findings on how EPAs are adopted, assessed, and perceived in pharmacy programs.
Main Methods
- Scoping review of literature from 2016-2025 using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Inclusion of studies describing EPA implementation, perspectives, or performance evaluation.
- Exclusion of studies not assessing actual EPA implementation experiences.
Main Results
- Twenty-four studies were included, predominantly implementing EPAs in practice experiences.
- Direct practice observation was the most common method for assessing student performance on EPAs.
- Student performance on EPAs improved following educational interventions.
- Stakeholders (students, preceptors, faculty) found EPAs facilitated competency assessment, despite workload challenges.
Conclusions
- EPAs are primarily implemented in pharmacy practice experiences, with direct observation as a key assessment tool.
- While EPAs enhance competency assessment, implementation challenges such as workload must be addressed.
- Findings offer guidance for educators and professionals planning EPA integration in pharmacy programs.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Professional nurses are not limited to bedside care and are taking roles of greater responsibility. A nurse should have a knowledge-based practice, including personal, theoretical, procedural, cultural, and reflexive knowledge. Additionally, nurses must be competent in cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and ethical/legal skills. Some of the best attributes of successful nurses include the following:
Communication skills: These are critical characteristics, especially speaking and listening.
Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about...
Accountability in nursing is a fundamental principle that underscores the obligation of nurses to take responsibility for their actions and answer for any errors or omissions in patient care. This principle is grounded in the professional, legal, and ethical frameworks that shape nursing practice. For instance, nurses must adhere to all relevant laws, regulations, and practice standards, including guidelines set forth by nursing boards and professional bodies, to ensure their actions comply...
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
Pharmaceutical products contain more than just the active drug; they also contain various excipients such as binders, solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives, and other elements. In some cases, impurities or contaminants might be present. Traditionally, quality control in pharmaceuticals has primarily focused on the analysis of the active drug, often overlooking the impact of these additional components. The recent issue with heparin contamination by over-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, a...
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...