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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Medical Cannabis and Epilepsy: The Evidence.

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|November 24, 2025
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Summary

Cannabis compounds, cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, show anticonvulsant properties for epilepsy treatment. Further education on cannabis therapeutics is vital for patient access to these potential epilepsy medicines.

Keywords:
cannabidioldronabinoldrug resistant epilepsymedicinal cannabis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Epilepsy affects all ages, with ~30% of patients experiencing drug-resistant seizures.
  • Current antiseizure medications have limitations in efficacy and side effects.
  • Cannabis phytocannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), exhibit anticonvulsant properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the growing clinical evidence for cannabis in epilepsy treatment.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety profile of cannabis-based therapies for epileptic conditions.
  • To address the reluctance of clinicians and regulatory bodies regarding cannabis use in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies on cannabis for epilepsy.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on phytocannabinoid anticonvulsant effects.
  • Evaluation of safety and tolerability data from cannabis treatment trials.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests phytocannabinoids possess significant anticonvulsant properties.
  • Clinical studies demonstrate the potential efficacy of cannabis in reducing seizure frequency.
  • Safety profiles are being established, though further research is ongoing.

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis-derived compounds show promise as adjunctive therapies for epilepsy.
  • Increased education on cannabis therapeutics is crucial for patient access.
  • Overcoming clinical and regulatory hesitancy is necessary to integrate cannabis into epilepsy management.