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Bionic gradient scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering: construction strategies, interface optimization,

Fufen Li1,2, Xiaohan Yang1,2, Yining Chen2,3

  • 1College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.

Biomaterials Science
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores bionic gradient scaffolds for osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration. It details natural OC tissue gradients and proposes strategies for designing advanced scaffolds to improve defect repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Osteochondral (OC) tissue regeneration is challenging due to its complex gradient properties.
  • Bionic gradient scaffolds offer a promising solution by mimicking natural tissue structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multidimensional gradient characteristics of natural OC tissue.
  • To discuss the design principles for biomimetic gradient scaffolds.
  • To summarize recent advances in gradient scaffold construction and propose new strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of natural OC tissue's compositional, structural, performance, and metabolic gradients.
  • Review of current construction strategies for gradient scaffolds.
  • Proposal of an interface optimization strategy for discrete gradient scaffolds and review of continuous gradient scaffold characterization.

Main Results:

  • Natural OC tissue exhibits complex gradients crucial for its function.
  • Bionic gradient scaffolds can replicate these gradients to facilitate tissue regeneration.
  • New strategies for discrete and continuous gradient scaffold design and characterization are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Gradient scaffolds are vital for effective osteochondral tissue engineering.
  • Further research into interface optimization and gradient control is needed.
  • This review provides insights into future directions for OC tissue regeneration.