Two Faces of Greater Omentum

Area of Science:

• Abdominal Surgery
• Immunology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• The greater omentum, a peritoneal fold, possesses unique regenerative and immunological properties.
• Its structure includes milky spots (MS), crucial for immune surveillance and pathogen capture.
• The omentum shields organs, absorbs fluids, and influences the peritoneal environment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of the greater omentum.
• To highlight its physiological benefits and pathological implications.
• To discuss the consequences of omentectomy on immune defense.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of the greater omentum's structure and function.
• Analysis of its immunological contributions, particularly milky spots.
• Examination of pathologies and surgical outcomes related to the omentum.

Main Results:

• The greater omentum facilitates immune surveillance, fluid absorption, and neurotransmitter secretion.
• Milky spots are central to peritoneal immunity, pathogen clearance, and immune cell recruitment.
• The omentum's protective functions are compromised in pathologies like vascular steal and ossification.
• Omentectomy is linked to diminished antibacterial defense.

Conclusions:

• The greater omentum is essential for abdominal health, offering significant immunological and regenerative support.
• Understanding its complex functions is critical for surgical considerations and managing peritoneal diseases.
• Preserving the omentum is important for maintaining robust immune responses.