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HIV Sero-status Outcomes and Associated Factors Among HIV-Exposed Children at Four Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa,

Habtamu Walle1, Habtamu Abera2, Mekonen Adimasu2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
|November 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

A study found that 4.1% of HIV-exposed infants were diagnosed with HIV. Children receiving cotrimoxazole and those born in health facilities had lower odds of positive HIV status, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant global cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality.
  • Identifying and linking HIV-exposed infants to early diagnosis and care remains a critical challenge worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants.
  • To identify factors associated with HIV sero-status in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data from 244 HIV-exposed children born to HIV-infected mothers.
  • Data were collected from medical records between January 2018 and December 2023 across four public hospitals.
  • Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify associated factors.

Main Results:

  • Out of 244 HIV-exposed infants, 10 (4.1%) were diagnosed as HIV positive.
  • Children receiving cotrimoxazole preventive therapy showed reduced odds of positive HIV status (AOR 0.89).
  • Infants born at a health facility had significantly lower odds of being HIV positive (AOR 0.088).

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of HIV infection among infants in this study (4.1%) exceeds the global goal of <2% for 2030.
  • Factors such as cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and facility-based delivery are associated with reduced HIV sero-status in infants.
  • Continued efforts are needed to improve early infant diagnosis and care linkage to achieve global HIV elimination goals.

Keywords:
HIV exposed infantprevention of mother-to-child transmission

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