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Tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillations.

Jiawei Bao1, Sandrine Bony2, Daisuke Takasuka3

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillation (TWISO), lasting 30-60 days, has been identified in the tropics. This oscillation influences weather and climate, and while linked to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), it can occur independently.

Keywords:
Madden–Julian oscillationintraseasonal oscillationradiative-convective equilibriumtropical mean oscillations

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Area of Science:

  • Climate Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Tropical Meteorology

Background:

  • Tropical climate variability is driven by oscillations across various timescales.
  • Slow processes like seasonal and interannual variability typically explain major tropical climate shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a previously unrecognized tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillation (TWISO).
  • To investigate the relationship between TWISO, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), and radiative-convective equilibrium.
  • To assess the potential influence of TWISO on tropical weather and climate.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of satellite observations and climate reanalyses.
  • Identification of oscillations with periods of 30 to 60 days.
  • Examination of interactions between convection, radiation, surface fluxes, and large-scale circulation.

Main Results:

  • A distinct tropics-wide intraseasonal oscillation (TWISO) with a 30-60 day period was identified.
  • TWISO involves coupled changes in convection, radiation, surface fluxes, and tropical circulation.
  • TWISO phases show coincidences with MJO phases, but MJO is not required for TWISO.

Conclusions:

  • TWISO is a significant component of tropical climate variability.
  • While the MJO can modulate TWISO, it is not the sole driver.
  • TWISO's widespread nature suggests a substantial impact on regional tropical weather and climate.