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Feedback on Mental State Inferences Improves Accuracy and Awareness.

Bryony Payne1, Geoffrey Bird2,3, Caroline Catmur1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|November 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Targeted feedback improves the accuracy of mental state inferences for both in-group and out-group members. This feedback also helps people better calibrate their confidence in understanding others' views.

Keywords:
feedbackmental state inferencementalisingout-grouptheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Accurate inference of others' mental states is crucial for social interaction.
  • Humans show reduced accuracy and unawareness of bias when inferring out-group members' views compared to in-group members.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if accuracy feedback can enhance mental state inference accuracy for out-group members.
  • To determine if feedback can recalibrate confidence in the accuracy of these inferences.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with 142 and 90 participants respectively.
  • Participants received feedback on the accuracy of their mental state inferences for specific targets.
  • The study examined the impact of this feedback on inference accuracy and confidence.

Main Results:

  • Feedback specific to individual targets significantly improved inference accuracy for both in-group and out-group members.
  • The accuracy improvements did not generalize to other group members.
  • Participants successfully used feedback to calibrate their confidence in out-group inferences.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted feedback enhances the ability to understand the mental states of both in-group and out-group individuals.
  • Feedback increases awareness of one's own inferential capabilities.
  • This suggests a potential pathway to mitigate out-group biases in mental state attribution.