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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Thermal Imaging to Study Stress Non-invasively in Unrestrained Birds
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Ear thermal imaging for emotion sensing.

Budu Tang1,2, Wataru Sato3,4

  • 1Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|November 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ear temperature, a novel physiological marker, negatively correlates with emotional arousal. This study reveals new insights into thermophysiological responses to emotions using thermal imaging.

Keywords:
Arousal and valenceEar thermal imagingEmotional arousalPixel-level analysisStatistical parametric mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Thermophysiology
  • Affective Computing

Background:

  • Thermal imaging is a non-contact, non-invasive method to study physiological responses.
  • Facial temperature changes are linked to emotional arousal, but ear temperature remains unexplored.
  • Understanding thermophysiological responses to emotions is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between ear temperature and emotional arousal.
  • To explore ear thermal imaging as a novel physiological marker for emotions.
  • To expand the applications of thermal imaging in emotion assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired ear thermal imaging data from 15 participants.
  • Collected dynamic emotional ratings while participants viewed emotion-eliciting videos.
  • Performed pixel-wise analysis to correlate ear temperature with emotional arousal.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative correlation was found between ear temperature and emotional arousal.
  • This correlation was observed across outer ear regions, including the antihelical fold, antihelix, and earlobe.
  • Ear temperature emerged as a novel physiological indicator of emotional arousal.

Conclusions:

  • Ear temperature serves as a novel physiological marker for emotional arousal.
  • Findings provide new insights into thermophysiological responses associated with emotions.
  • This research has implications for affective computing, mental health monitoring, and emotion recognition.